Mitochondria play a key role in metabolism and regulatory processes within a cell Thus, the formation of mitochondria is essential for cellular function of every being in the eukaryotic kingdom, from unicellular organisms to mammals Mitochondria comprise 1000 1500 cellular proteins, which are synthesized outside of the mitochondria in the cytosol The biogenesis of mitochondria relies on the efficient import, sorting, and maturation of proteins, all governed by conserved protein translocases and other complex biological machinery Our research explores exciting links between protein transport mechanisms and mitochondrial protein homeostasis.